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Introduction to Microprocessor
Every
computer system has a unit whose primary purpose is to process data. This unit
is the control center of the entire computer system. It accepts data from input
devices, processes data and sends results to the printer or other output
devices under control of a stored program. This unit is referred to as the
microprocessor in a microprocessor and the central processing unit in large
computer system. Both units perform basically same functions.
Function
of microprocessor
The
microprocessor is an electronic device. It is the heart and brain inside every
microcomputer. This tiny chip of silicon (Semiconductor)
determines the
speed and power of the entire computer by handling most, if not all , of the
processing of a microcomputer. This can be explored by using a flow diagram.
Functions of a microprocessor can be summarized as follows :
· The processor first fetches an
instruction from the main memory.
· The instruction is then decoded to
determine what action is required to be done.
· Based on instruction the processor
fetchs, if required, data from main memory or i/o module.
· The instruction is then executed
which may require performing arithmetic or logical operations data.
· In addition to execution, CPU also
supervises and controls i/o devices . If there is any request from i/o device,
called interrupt, the CPU suspends execution of the current program and
transfers control to an interrupt handling program.
· Finally, the results of an execution
may require transfer of data to memory or an i/o module.
Organization
of a Microprocessor:
the major component of a
microprocessor are:
Ø AN ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT(ALU)
Ø CONTROL UNIT
The ALU
performs the actual computation or processing of data. The control unit
controls the movement of data and instruction into and out of CPU. It also
controls the operation of the ALU. There are minimal internal memory called register
. The ALU operates only on data in the internal memory.
The
resisters in the CPU serve two functions:
Ø USER-VISIBLE REGISTER:
These registers enable the programs to minimize main memory
references by optimizing use of registers
Ø CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTER:
They are used to control
the operations of the CPU and to control
the execution of programs.
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Labels: computer help, Microprocessor